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<title>Geomatics</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Geomatics</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Geoinformatics" title="Geoinformatics">Geoinformatics</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding:0.4em;"><a href="Geodesy" title="Geodesy">Geodesy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:1em;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Fundamentals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Geodesy" title="Geodesy">Geodesy</a></li>

<li><a href="Geodynamics" title="Geodynamics">Geodynamics</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_geodesy" title="History of geodesy">History</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Geographical_distance" title="Geographical distance">Geographical distance</a></li>

<li><a href="Geoid" title="Geoid">Geoid</a></li>

<li><a href="Figure_of_the_Earth" title="Figure of the Earth">Figure of the Earth</a> <small>(<a href="Earth_radius" title="Earth radius">radius</a> and <a href="Earth's_circumference" title="Earth's circumference">circumference</a>)</small></li>

<li><a href="Geodetic_coordinates" title="Geodetic coordinates">Geodetic coordinates</a></li>

<li><a href="Geodetic_datum" title="Geodetic datum">Geodetic datum</a></li>

<li><a href="Geodesic" title="Geodesic">Geodesic</a></li>

<li><a href="Horizontal_position_representation" title="Horizontal position representation">Horizontal position representation</a></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Latitude" title="Latitude">Latitude</a> / <a href="Longitude" title="Longitude">Longitude</a></span></li>

<li><a href="Map_projection" title="Map projection">Map projection</a></li>

<li><a href="Reference_ellipsoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Reference ellipsoid">Reference ellipsoid</a></li>

<li><a href="Satellite_geodesy" title="Satellite geodesy">Satellite geodesy</a></li>

<li><a href="Spatial_reference_system" title="Spatial reference system">Spatial reference system</a></li>

<li><a href="Spatial_relation" title="Spatial relation">Spatial relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Vertical_position" title="Vertical position">Vertical positions</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Technologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">Global Nav. Sat. Systems (GNSSs)</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Global Pos. System (GPS)</a></li>

<li><a href="GLONASS" title="GLONASS">GLONASS <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Russia)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou (BDS) <span style="font-size: 85%;">(China)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Europe)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_Regional_Navigation_Satellite_System" title="Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System">NAVIC <span style="font-size: 85%;">(India)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">Quasi-Zenith Sat. Sys. (QZSS) <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Japan)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Discrete_Global_Grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrete Global Grid">Discrete Global Grid and Geocoding</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Standards (history)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none;line-height:1.2em;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="Sea_Level_Datum_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Level Datum of 1929">NGVD 29</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> Sea Level Datum 1929</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="OSGB36" class="mw-redirect" title="OSGB36">OSGB36</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="SK-42_reference_system" title="SK-42 reference system">SK-42</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> Systema Koordinat 1942 goda</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="ED50" title="ED50">ED50</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> European Datum 1950</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="South_American_Datum#SAD69" title="South American Datum">SAD69</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> South American Datum 1969</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="GRS_80" class="mw-redirect" title="GRS 80">GRS 80</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> Geodetic Reference System 1980</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">ISO 6709</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> Geographic point coord. 1983</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="North_American_Datum#North_American_Datum_of_1983" title="North American Datum">NAD 83</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> North American Datum 1983</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="World_Geodetic_System" title="World Geodetic System">WGS 84</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> World Geodetic System 1984</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">NAVD 88</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> N. American Vertical Datum 1988</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="European_Terrestrial_Reference_System_1989" title="European Terrestrial Reference System 1989">ETRS89</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> European Terrestrial Ref. Sys. 1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="Restrictions_on_geographic_data_in_China" title="Restrictions on geographic data in China">GCJ-02</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> Chinese obfuscated datum 2002</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"> <a href="Geo_URI_scheme" title="Geo URI scheme">Geo URI</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;padding-right:0.55em;"> Internet link to a point 2010</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="International_Terrestrial_Reference_System" class="mw-redirect" title="International Terrestrial Reference System">International Terrestrial Reference System</a></li>

<li><a href="SRID" class="mw-redirect" title="SRID">Spatial Reference System Identifier (SRID)</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_Transverse_Mercator_coordinate_system" title="Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system">Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<p><b>Geomatics</b> is defined in the <a href="ISO/TC_211" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/TC 211">ISO/TC 211</a> series of standards as the "<a href="Academic_discipline" title="Academic discipline">discipline</a> concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of <a href="Geographic_data_or_geographic_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic data or geographic information">geographic data or geographic information</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under another definition, it consists of products, services and tools involved in the collection, integration and management of geographic (geospatial) data.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surveying engineering was the widely used name for geomatic(s) engineering in the past. Geomatics was placed by the <a href="UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="Encyclopedia_of_Life_Support_Systems" title="Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems">Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems</a> under the branch of <a href="Technical_geography" title="Technical geography">technical geography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Haidu1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haidu1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sala1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sala1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_etymology">History and etymology</h2></div>

<p>The term was proposed in French ("géomatique") at the end of the 1960s by scientist Bernard Dubuisson to reflect at the time recent changes in the jobs of <a href="Surveying" title="Surveying">surveyor</a> and <a href="Photogrammetry" title="Photogrammetry">photogrammetrist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was first employed in a <a href="Minister_of_Public_Works_(France)" title="Minister of Public Works (France)">French Ministry of Public Works</a> memorandum dated 1 June 1971 instituting a "standing committee of geomatics" in the government.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The term was popularised in English by French-Canadian surveyor Michel Paradis in his <i>The little Geodesist that could</i> article, in 1981 and in a keynote address at the centennial congress of the Canadian Institute of Surveying (now known as the <a href="Canadian_Institute_of_Geomatics" title="Canadian Institute of Geomatics">Canadian Institute of Geomatics</a>) in April 1982. He claimed that at the end of the 20th century the needs for geographical information would reach a scope without precedent in history and that, in order to address these needs, it was necessary to integrate in a new discipline both the traditional disciplines of land surveying and the new tools and techniques of data capture, manipulation, storage and diffusion.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Geomatics includes the tools and techniques used in <a href="Land_surveying" class="mw-redirect" title="Land surveying">land surveying</a>, <a href="Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, <a href="Cartography" title="Cartography">cartography</a>, <a href="Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">geographic information systems</a> (GIS), <a href="Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">global navigation satellite systems</a> (<a href="Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a>, <a href="GLONASS" title="GLONASS">GLONASS</a>, <a href="Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo</a>, <a href="BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou</a>), <a href="Photogrammetry" title="Photogrammetry">photogrammetry</a>, <a href="Geophysics" title="Geophysics">geophysics</a>, <a href="Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, and related forms of earth <a href="Map" title="Map">mapping</a>. The term was originally used in Canada but has since been adopted by the <a href="International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a>, the <a href="Royal_Institution_of_Chartered_Surveyors" title="Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors">Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors</a>, and many other international authorities, although some (especially in the United States) have shown a preference for the term <i>geospatial technology</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Boehm_Mohan_2010_pp._26–39_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boehm_Mohan_2010_pp._26–39-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which may be defined as synonym of "geospatial <a href="Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">information and communications technology</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Scholten_Velde_van_Manen_2009_p._1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholten_Velde_van_Manen_2009_p._1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Although many definitions of <i>geomatics</i>, such as the above, appear to encompass the entire discipline relating to geographic information – including <a href="Geodesy" title="Geodesy">geodesy</a>, <a href="Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">geographic information systems</a>, <a href="Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, <a href="Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">satellite navigation</a>, and <a href="Cartography" title="Cartography">cartography</a> –, the term is almost exclusively restricted to the perspective of <a href="Surveying" title="Surveying">surveying</a> and <a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> toward geographic information. <i><a href="Geoinformatics" title="Geoinformatics">Geoinformatics</a></i> and <i><a href="Geographic_information_science" title="Geographic information science">Geographic information science</a> has been proposed as alternative comprehensive term; however, their popularity is, like geomatics, largely dependent on country.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>

</p><p>The related field of <i>hydrogeomatics</i> covers the area associated with surveying work carried out on, above or below the surface of the sea or other areas of water. The older term of <a href="Hydrography" title="Hydrography">hydrographics</a> was considered too specific to the preparation of marine charts, and failed to include the broader concept of positioning or measurements in all marine environments. The use of different data processing technologies in hydrography does not change the purpose of its research.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i>Health geomatics</i> can improve our understanding of the important relationship between location and health, and thus assist us in Public Health tasks like disease prevention, and also in better healthcare service planning.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An important area of research is the use of open data in planning lifesaving activities.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i>Mining geomatics</i> is the use of information systems to integrate and process spatial data for monitoring, modelling, visualisation and design of mining operations.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A growing number of university departments which were once titled "surveying", "survey engineering" or "<a href="Topographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Topographic">topographic</a> science" have re-titled themselves using the terms "geomatics" or "geomatics engineering", while others have switched to program titles such as "spatial information technology", and similar names.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The rapid progress and increased visibility of geomatics since the 1990s has been made possible by advances in <a href="Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> hardware, <a href="Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, and <a href="Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>, as well as by airborne and space observation <a href="Remote-sensing" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote-sensing">remote-sensing</a> technologies.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geomatics_engineering">Geomatics engineering</h2></div>

<p><b>Geomatics engineering</b> is a rapidly developing engineering discipline which focuses on <a href="Spatial_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Spatial information">spatial information</a> (i.e. information that has a location).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location is the primary factor used to integrate a very wide range of data for spatial analysis and visualization. Geomatics engineers design, develop, and operate systems for collecting and analyzing spatial information about the land, the oceans, natural resources, and manmade features.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Geomatics engineers apply engineering principles to spatial information and implement relational data structures involving measurement sciences, thus using geomatics and acting as spatial information engineers. Geomatics engineers manage local, regional, national and global spatial data infrastructures.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geomatics engineering also involves aspects of Computer Engineering, Software Engineering and Civil Engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div>

<p>Application areas include:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Aeromagnetic_survey" title="Aeromagnetic survey">Aeromagnetic surveys</a></li>

<li>Airborne <a href="Geophysics" title="Geophysics">geophysics</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_navigation" title="Air navigation">Air navigation</a> services</li>

<li><a href="Excavation_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archaeology)">Archaeological excavation</a> and <a href="Archaeological_field_survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological field survey">survey</a> for <a href="GIS" class="mw-redirect" title="GIS">GIS</a> applications</li>

<li><a href="Coast" title="Coast">Coastal</a> zone management and mapping</li>

<li><a href="Disaster_informatics" title="Disaster informatics">Disaster informatics</a> for disaster risk reduction and response</li>

<li><a href="Environment_(biophysical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment (biophysical)">The environment</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</a> management</li>

<li><a href="Land_management" title="Land management">Land management</a> and reform</li>

<li><a href="Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">Natural resource</a> monitoring and development</li>

<li>Seismic Interpretation</li>

<li><a href="Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">Subdivision</a> planning</li>

<li><a href="Urban_and_regional_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban and regional planning">Urban and regional planning</a></li>

<li><a href="Oceanography" title="Oceanography">Oceanography</a></li>

<li><a href="Meteorology" title="Meteorology">Meteorology</a></li>

<li><a href="Parks" class="mw-redirect" title="Parks">Parks</a></li>

<li><a href="Resource_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Management">Resource Management</a></li>

<li><a href="Climate_Change" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate Change">Climate Change</a>/Environmental Monitoring</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas_of_knowledge">Areas of knowledge</h2></div>

<p>Geomatics integrates science and technology from both new and traditional disciplines:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Geodesy" title="Geodesy">Geodesy</a></li>

<li><a href="Geodynamics" title="Geodynamics">Geodynamics</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_positioning_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Global positioning system">Global positioning system</a> (GPS) or <a href="Global_navigation_satellite_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Global navigation satellite system">global navigation satellite system</a> (GNSS)</li>

<li><a href="Surveying" title="Surveying">Surveying</a> (including land, cadastral, aerial, mining and engineering surveying)</li>

<li><a href="Hydrography" title="Hydrography">Hydrography</a></li>

<li><a href="Navigation" title="Navigation">Navigation</a></li>

<li><a href="Location-based_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Location-based services">Location-based services</a></li>

<li><a href="Cartography" title="Cartography">Cartography</a> and <a href="Digital_mapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital mapping">digital mapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">Geographic information systems</a> (GIS), spatial database management and geographic information technology (GeoIT)</li>

<li><a href="Spatial_analysis" title="Spatial analysis">Spatial analysis</a>, spatial data mining and knowledge discovery, and spatial statistics</li>

<li><a href="Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">Computer-aided design</a> (CAD) and <a href="Scientific_visualization" title="Scientific visualization">scientific visualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Geovisualization" title="Geovisualization">Geovisualization</a>, Geovisual Analytics, <a href="Visual_communication_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual communication design">Visual communication design</a>, <a href="Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">graphic design</a> and multimedia technology</li>

<li><a href="Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">Remote sensing</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_Earth" title="Digital Earth">Digital Earth</a></li>

<li><a href="Image_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Image processing">Image processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Photogrammetry" title="Photogrammetry">Photogrammetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">Computer vision</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_information_system" title="Land information system">Land information systems</a> (LIS)</li>

<li><a href="Land_management" title="Land management">Land management</a>, <a href="Cadastre" title="Cadastre">cadastre</a>, real property law</li>

<li>Applications programming</li>

<li><a href="Project_management" title="Project management">Project management</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_Surveying" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Surveying">Land Surveying</a></li>

<li><a href="LIDAR" class="mw-redirect" title="LIDAR">LIDAR</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_terrain_modelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital terrain modelling">Digital terrain modelling</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Geographic_Information_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic Information Science">Geographic Information Science</a></li>

<li><a href="Geoinformatics" title="Geoinformatics">Geoinformatics</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGianquintieriCaianiBrambillaPagliosa2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Gianquintieri, L.; Caiani, E. G.; Brambilla, P.; Pagliosa, A.; Villa, G. F.; Brovelli, M. A. (2019-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-4-W14/63/2019/">"Open Data in Health-Geomatics: Mapping and Evaluating Publicly Accessible Defibrillators"</a>. <i>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</i>. <span class="nowrap">XLII-4 –</span> <span class="nowrap">W14</span>: <span class="nowrap">63–</span>70. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ISPAr4214...63G">2019ISPAr4214...63G</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fisprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-63-2019">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-63-2019</a></span>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11311%2F1121207">11311/1121207</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1682-1750">1682-1750</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKrawczyk2023" class="citation journal cs1">Krawczyk, Artur (July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijgi12070278">"Mining Geomatics"</a>. <i>ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information</i>. <b>12</b> (7): 278. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023IJGI...12..278K">2023IJGI...12..278K</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijgi12070278">10.3390/ijgi12070278</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2220-9964">2220-9964</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://engineering.ucdenver.edu/civil-engineering/research-specialty-areas/geomatics-gis">"Geomatics engineering & geographic information systems (GIS)"</a>. <i>University of Colorado Denver- College of Engineering</i>. University of Colorado Denver<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pdffiller.com/jsfiller-app10/?requestHash=dcf2e7d301b7267873d1b581fc7df522abc1cdfe0cd7cb5cf9a907e7e4d94126&projectId=822065265&loader=tips#d297570f6feb33f9ccccc5bea774598e">"White Mountains Community College- Spatial Information Technology Transcript Checklist"</a>. <i>PDFFiller</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHazelton2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hazelton, N W J (September 2005). "Surveying, Geomatics, and Engineering: A 'Structure' for a Rapidly Evolving Profession". <i>Surveying and Land Information Science</i>. <b>65</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">211–</span>222. <a href="ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/202972772">202972772</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geom.ku.edu.np/">"Department of Geomatics Engineering | Kathmandu University"</a>. <i>Department of Geomatics Engineering</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-16</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLamYip2008" class="citation journal cs1">Lam, Steve Yau-Wah; Yip, Tsz Leung (February 2008). "The role of geomatics engineering in establishing the marine information system for maritime management". <i>Maritime Policy & Management</i>. <b>35</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">53–</span>60. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03088830701848896">10.1080/03088830701848896</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10397%2F27671">10397/27671</a></span>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154941027">154941027</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGhoshda_Silva2020" class="citation book cs1">Ghosh, Jayanta Kumar; da Silva, Irineu, eds. (2020). <i>Applications of Geomatics in Civil Engineering</i>. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Vol. 33. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-13-7067-0">10.1007/978-981-13-7067-0</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-981-13-7066-3</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://engineering.ucdenver.edu/civil-engineering/research-specialty-areas/geomatics-gis">"Marshall, Wesley"</a>. <i>engineering.ucdenver.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-16</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><i>Geomatics Canada</i> Ottawa: <a href="Natural_Resources_Canada" title="Natural Resources Canada">Natural Resources Canada</a> ISSN 1491-5480</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDermanisGrünSansò2000" class="citation book cs1">Dermanis, Athanasios; Grün, Armin; Sansò, Fernando (2000). <i>Geomatic Methods for the Analysis of Data in the Earth Sciences</i>. New York: Springer. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-540-67476-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKavanagh2003" class="citation book cs1">Kavanagh, Barry F. (2003). <i>Geomatics</i>. <a href="Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-130-32289-0</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li>Yvan Bédard, "Geomatics" in Karen Kemp (2008), Encyclopedia of Geographic Information Science, Sage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FrUQHIzXK6EC&pg=PT221">[2]</a></li>

<li>Yvan Bédard (2007), "Geomatics": 26 years of history already!, <i>Geomatica</i>, 61(3):269–272. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297115209_Geomatics_26_years_of_history_already">[3]</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGomarasca2009" class="citation book cs1">Gomarasca, Mario A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BAQ3FJiXDGsC"><i>Basics of Geomatics</i></a>. Springer. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-402-09014-1</bdi>.</cite>

<ul><li>"Geomatics", Chap. 1 in Mario A. Gomarasca (2009) Basics of Geomatics, Springer.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BAQ3FJiXDGsC&pg=PA1">[4]</a></li></ul></li>

<li>"Geomatics", sec. 1.3 in Mathias Lemmens (2011), Geo-information: Technologies, Applications and the Environment, Springer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n_tUAWYg4UQC&pg=PA12">[5]</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFOgaja2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Clement_Ogaja" title="Clement Ogaja">Ogaja, Clement</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkDOBQAAQBAJ"><i>Geomatics Engineering: A Practical Guide to Project Design</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-439-89511-5</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geomatics" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Geomatics">Geomatics</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li>International Master's Program <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hs-karlsruhe.de/geomatics/">Geomatics</a> at Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences</li>

<li>Namibia's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fnrss.nust.na/?q=department/geo-spatial-technology/geomatics/">Geomatics Program</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123132931/http://fnrss.nust.na/?q=department/geo-spatial-technology/geomatics/">Archived</a> 2021-11-23 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nicholls.edu/engineering/">Bachelor of Science in Geomatics</a> at Nicholls State University</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfrc.ufl.edu/geomatics/">Geomatics program</a> at the University of Florida</li>

<li>Canada's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geomatics.gov.nt.ca/nwtdp.aspx">Northwest Territories Centre for Geomatics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128163239/http://www.geomatics.gov.nt.ca/nwtdp.aspx">Archived</a> 2020-01-28 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li>UK's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508061951/https://www.geomatics-group.co.uk/geocms/">Environment Agency Geomatics Group</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gim-international.com/"><i>GIM International</i></a> Lemmer, the Netherlands: Geodetical Information & Trading Centre ISSN 1566-9076</li>

<li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710083019/http://www.geometres-sans-frontieres.org/">Géomètres sans Frontières</a> : Association de géometres pour aide au développement.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.survey.ntua.gr/en/">School of Rural and Surveying Engineering</a> at National Technical University of Athens (MEng)</li></ul>

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<li><a href="Outline_of_geography" title="Outline of geography">Outline</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Human_geography" title="Human geography">Human</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Behavioral_geography" title="Behavioral geography">Behavioral</a></li>

<li><a href="Cognitive_geography" title="Cognitive geography">Cognitive</a></li>

<li><a href="Critical_geography" title="Critical geography">Critical</a></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_geography" title="Cultural geography">Cultural</a>

<ul><li><a href="Animal_geographies" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal geographies">Animal</a></li>

<li><a href="Children's_geographies" title="Children's geographies">Children's</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_geography" title="Economic geography">Economic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Agricultural_geography" title="Agricultural geography">Agricultural</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyber_geography" title="Cyber geography">Cyber</a></li>

<li><a href="Development_geography" title="Development geography">Development</a></li>

<li><a href="Geography_of_finance" title="Geography of finance">Financial</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_economic_geography" title="Historical economic geography">Histo-economic</a></li>

<li><a href="Labor_geography" title="Labor geography">Labor</a></li>

<li><a href="Geomarketing" title="Geomarketing">Marketing</a></li>

<li><a href="Retail_geography" title="Retail geography">Retail</a></li>

<li><a href="Theoretical_economic_geography" title="Theoretical economic geography">Theoretical economic</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_geography" title="Transport geography">Transport</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Language_geography" title="Language geography">Language</a>

<ul><li><a href="Geolinguistics" title="Geolinguistics">Linguistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_geography" title="Music geography">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Vernacular_geography" title="Vernacular geography">Vernacular</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Moral_geography" title="Moral geography">Moral</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychogeography" title="Psychogeography">Psychological</a>

<ul><li><a href="Emotional_geography" title="Emotional geography">Emotional</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexuality_and_space" title="Sexuality and space">Sexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Religion_and_geography" title="Religion and geography">Religion</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Health_geography" title="Health geography">Health</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_geography" title="Historical geography">Historical</a>

<ul><li><a href="Palaeogeography" title="Palaeogeography">Palaeo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Imagined_geographies" title="Imagined geographies">Imagined</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_geography" title="Internet geography">Internet</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_geography" title="Political geography">Political</a>

<ul><li><a href="Critical_geopolitics" title="Critical geopolitics">Critical geopolitics</a></li>

<li><a href="Electoral_geography" title="Electoral geography">Electoral</a></li>

<li><a href="Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Strategic_geography" title="Strategic geography">Strategic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Military_geography" title="Military geography">Military</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Population_geography" title="Population geography">Population</a>

<ul><li><a href="Settlement_geography" title="Settlement geography">Settlement</a>

<ul><li><a href="Regional_geography" title="Regional geography">Regional</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_geography" title="Urban geography">Urban</a>

<ul><li><a href="Music_geography" title="Music geography">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_geography" title="Transport geography">Transport</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Social_geography" title="Social geography">Social</a></li>

<li><a href="Tourism_geography" title="Tourism geography">Tourism</a></li>

<li><a href="Tropical_geography" title="Tropical geography">Tropical</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biogeography" title="Biogeography">Biogeography</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ecology" title="Ecology">Ecology</a></li>

<li><a href="Phytogeography" title="Phytogeography">Phytogeography</a></li>

<li><a href="Zoogeography" title="Zoogeography">Zoogeography</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Coastal_geography" title="Coastal geography">Coastal geography</a> / <a href="Oceanography" title="Oceanography">Oceanography</a></li>

<li><a href="Earth_science" title="Earth science">Earth science</a>

<ul><li><a href="Atmospheric_science" title="Atmospheric science">Atmospheric science</a> / <a href="Meteorology" title="Meteorology">Meteorology</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_science" title="Environmental science">Environmental science</a></li>

<li><a href="Climatology" title="Climatology">Climatology</a> / <a href="Paleoclimatology" title="Paleoclimatology">Paleoclimatology</a> / <a href="Palaeogeography" title="Palaeogeography">Palaeogeography</a></li>

<li><a href="Geobiology" title="Geobiology">Geobiology</a></li>

<li><a href="Geophysics" title="Geophysics">Geophysics</a> / <a href="Geodesy" title="Geodesy">Geodesy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Earth_system_science" title="Earth system science">Earth system science</a></li>

<li><a href="Geomorphology" title="Geomorphology">Geomorphology</a> / <a href="Geology" title="Geology">Geology</a></li>

<li><a href="Glaciology" title="Glaciology">Glaciology</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrology" title="Hydrology">Hydrology</a> / <a href="Limnology" title="Limnology">Limnology</a></li>

<li><a href="Soil_science" title="Soil science">Soil science</a> (<a href="Pedology" title="Pedology">Pedology</a>/<a href="Edaphology" title="Edaphology">Edaphology</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Quaternary_science" title="Quaternary science">Quaternary science</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Technical_geography" title="Technical geography">Technical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Geodesign" title="Geodesign">Geodesign</a></li>

<li><a href="Geodesy" title="Geodesy">Geodesy</a></li>

<li><a href="Geoinformatics" title="Geoinformatics">Geoinformatics</a></li>

<li><a href="Geographic_information_science" title="Geographic information science">Geographic information science</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistical_geography" title="Statistical geography">Statistical geography</a></li>

<li><a href="Spatial_analysis" title="Spatial analysis">Spatial analysis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Integrated_geography" title="Integrated geography">Integrated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Environmental_social_science" title="Environmental social science">Environmental social science</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_studies" title="Environmental studies">Environmental studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Landscape_ecology" title="Landscape ecology">Landscape ecology</a></li>

<li><a href="Time_geography" title="Time geography">Time geography</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Outline_of_geography#Tasks_and_tools_of_geography" title="Outline of geography">Techniques<br> and tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Quantitative_geography" title="Quantitative geography">Quantitative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cartography" title="Cartography">Cartography</a>

<ul><li><a href="Computer_cartography" title="Computer cartography">Computer cartography</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_mapping" title="Web mapping">Web mapping</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Geochronology" title="Geochronology">Geochronology</a></li>

<li><a href="Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">Geographic information system</a>

<ul><li><a href="Distributed_GIS" title="Distributed GIS">Distributed GIS</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_GIS" title="Internet GIS">Internet GIS</a></li>

<li><a href="Geologic_modelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic modelling">Geologic modelling</a></li>

<li><a href="Geomathematics" title="Geomathematics">Geomathematics</a></li>

<li><a href="Geostatistics" title="Geostatistics">Geostatistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Geovisualization" title="Geovisualization">Geovisualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Global Positioning System</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrography" title="Hydrography">Hydrography</a></li>

<li><a href="Map_algebra" title="Map algebra">Map algebra</a></li>

<li><a href="Participant_observation" title="Participant observation">Participant observation</a></li>

<li><a href="Photogrammetry" title="Photogrammetry">Photogrammetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">Remote sensing</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistical_survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical survey">Statistical survey</a></li>

<li><a href="Surveying" title="Surveying">Surveying</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_change_modeling" title="Land change modeling">Land change modeling</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Qualitative_geography" title="Qualitative geography">Qualitative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ethnography" title="Ethnography">Ethnography</a></li>

<li><a href="Geopoetics" title="Geopoetics">Geopoetics</a></li>

<li><a href="Interview_(research)" title="Interview (research)">Interview (research)</a></li>

<li><a href="Survey_(human_research)" title="Survey (human research)">Survey (human research)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions,<br>organizations,<br>and societies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li> Geography organizations</li>

<li>Geographic data and information organizations</li>

<li><a href="List_of_geographical_societies" title="List of geographical societies">Geographical societies</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_geoscience_organizations" title="List of geoscience organizations">Geoscience societies</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Geo-literacy" title="Geo-literacy">Geo-literacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Geographers_on_Film" title="Geographers on Film">Geographers on Film</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Geography_Olympiad" title="International Geography Olympiad">International Geography Olympiad</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Council_for_Geographic_Education" title="National Council for Geographic Education">National Council for Geographic Education</a></li>

<li><a href="Spatial_citizenship" title="Spatial citizenship">Spatial citizenship</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Geography books</li>

<li>Geography journals</li>

<li>Geographic magazines</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <b><a href="Portal%3AGeography" title="Portal:Geography">Portal</a></b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geography" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Geography">Commons</a></b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"></span></span> <b>WikiProject</b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619798#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1683" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619798#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1683" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Geomatics"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh99004272">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Géomatique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12107566m">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Géomatique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12107566m">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="geomatika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph549198&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000073027&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007537357505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/93f24599-6d30-4419-abb1-3a5e6012dd70">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-14" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Geomatics&oldid=1285618120">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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